What term refers to the relinquishment or refusal to accept a right?

The term that refers to the relinquishment or refusal to accept a right is "waiver." A waiver involves an individual intentionally giving up a known right or privilege, often through explicit acknowledgment or action. This legal concept is critical in various contexts, including contracts, legal rights, and other formal agreements, where an individual may choose to forego certain protections or claims.

In legal practice, the idea of a waiver is frequently encountered, such as when a party in a lawsuit decides not to assert a right to pursue a claim, or when someone agrees to waive their right to a jury trial. This action can be either implied or expressed, depending on the circumstances and the manner in which the waiver is communicated.

Other terms provided in the question do not accurately convey the essence of relinquishing a right in the same way. "Release" usually refers to the act of freeing oneself from obligations or liabilities, while "consent" implies agreement to something, indicating the acceptance of a right rather than refusal. "Exemption" is associated with being free from a duty or requirement, rather than the active relinquishment of rights. Therefore, the use of "waiver" comprehensively captures the concept of relinquishing or refusing to accept a right.